When the Indian government launched Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985, it aimed to provide vaccination against six diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, and measles. India’s immunization program dates back to 1978, when the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) was launched by the government of India. The recent estimates on immunization coverage by WHO and UNICEF report that globally 19.5 million infants missed the routine immunization services, and 60 % of these children reside in developing countries which include India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Angola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, Nigeria, and South Africa. Nonetheless, the WHO estimates that vaccine-preventable deaths (VPD’s) are still responsible for 1.5 million deaths each year.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 2–3 million deaths under 5 years of age could be preventable through immunization. Vaccinations are one of the most cost-effective and impactful health interventions used worldwide and have resulted in dramatic declines and regional elimination of many serious childhood infectious diseases. Based on the findings, we suggest looking for the supply through follow-up and demand through spreading awareness through mass media for immunization. There exists regional inequality in immunization coverage as well as in expenditure incurred on immunization. Moreover, expenditure on immunization was high among children from the urban area, rich wealth quintile and who got immunized in a private facility. Children belonging to the urban area and richer wealth quintile had higher odds of getting immunization. The mean expenditure incurred on immunization varies from as low as Rs.
HAMLET 1996 FREE FULL
Full immunization was highest in Manipur (75.2 %) and lowest in Nagaland (12.8 %).
The overall prevalence of full immunization was 59.3 % in India. The two-part model has been employed to inspect the determinants of expenditure on immunization. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were used to fulfil the study objectives.
Using the 75th round of National Sample Survey Organization data, the present paper attempts to check the individual expenditure on immunization and the factors affecting immunization coverage at the regional level. In this context, this study tries to estimate the expenditure on immunization which an individual bears and the factors affecting immunization coverage at the regional level. However, the cost an individual bears on child immunization has not been focussed. The cost of delivering routine immunization varies widely across facilities within country and across country. Despite the Indian government’s Universal Immunization Program (UIP), the progress of full immunization coverage is plodding.
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